Lipedema is a chronic medical condition characterized by a symmetric buildup of adipose tissue (fat) in the legs and arms. A common but under recognized disorder, lipedema may cause pain, swelling, and easy bruising. It may be accompanied by an unusual texture within the fat that can feel like rice, peas, or walnuts beneath the surface of the skin.

Lipedema occurs almost exclusively in females, with rare reports of development in men. Although believed to be prevalent, the exact incidence is not known.

The causes of lipedema are not well understood. It is reported to start or worsen during puberty and other periods of hormonal changes, such as pregnancy and menopause. Research is underway to determine the biological role of hormones, genetics, inflammation, and metabolism in the condition’s development.

No. Obese fat occurs throughout the body. In lipedema, the fat occurs in the limbs, sparing the hands and feet. People with early-stage lipedema typically do not have diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure.

No. The swelling in lymphedema often affects only one side of the body, and includes the hands and feet. Furthermore, lymphedema can be diagnosed with imaging or genetic tests.

Today, the most frequently cited components of a Lipedema diagnosis include:

• Bilateral, symmetrical buildup of fat in extremities and/or lower trunk that is resistant to diet, exercise, or bariatric surgery
• Feet/hands are typically spared, sometimes causing the appearance of an ankle or wrist “cuff”
• Almost exclusively affects women
• Complaints of pain, tenderness, heaviness, in affected areas
• Fatigue
• Starts or worsens at times of hormonal changes: puberty, pregnancy, or menopause
• Easy bruising
• Presence of nodular and/or fibrotic texture beneath the skin that can create an uneven, dimpled appearance
• Edema and joint hypermobility may also be present